厳密なCGIは難しいのでフレームワークを覚えましょう

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use Mojolicious::Lite;
get '/' => {text => 'Hello World!'};
app->start;

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#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
if ($ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'GET' and $ENV{'PATH_INFO'} eq '/' or $ENV{'PATH_INFO'} eq '') {
    print "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n";
    print 'Hello World!';
}

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for my $key (keys %ENV) {
    print "$key = $ENV{$key}\n";
}
# または
while (my ($key, $value) = each %ENV) {
    print "$key = $value\n";
}

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#!/usr/bin/env perl
use utf8;
use 5.012;
say 'Hello, world!';