Bridgeパターン完全ガイド

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Client → Abstraction ──────→ Implementor
              ↑                    ↑
              |                    |
    RefinedAbstraction    ConcreteImplementorA
                          ConcreteImplementorB

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# Implementor Role
package DrawingAPI;
use Moo::Role;

requires 'draw_circle';

1;

# ConcreteImplementor A
package DrawingAPI1;
use Moo;
with 'DrawingAPI';

sub draw_circle {
    my ($self, $x, $y, $radius) = @_;
    print "API1: Circle at ($x, $y) radius $radius\n";
}

1;

# ConcreteImplementor B
package DrawingAPI2;
use Moo;
with 'DrawingAPI';

sub draw_circle {
    my ($self, $x, $y, $radius) = @_;
    print "API2: Circle at ($x, $y) radius $radius\n";
}

1;

# Abstraction
package Shape;
use Moo;

has 'drawing_api' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    required => 1,
    does     => 'DrawingAPI',  # Roleによる型チェック
);

1;

# RefinedAbstraction
package Circle;
use Moo;
extends 'Shape';

has 'x' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);
has 'y' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);
has 'radius' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);

sub draw {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->drawing_api->draw_circle(
        $self->x,
        $self->y,
        $self->radius
    );
}

1;

# 使用例
use Circle;
use DrawingAPI1;
use DrawingAPI2;

my $circle1 = Circle->new(
    x => 5,
    y => 10,
    radius => 15,
    drawing_api => DrawingAPI1->new
);

my $circle2 = Circle->new(
    x => 20,
    y => 30,
    radius => 40,
    drawing_api => DrawingAPI2->new
);

$circle1->draw;  # API1: Circle at (5, 10) radius 15
$circle2->draw;  # API2: Circle at (20, 30) radius 40

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has 'implementor' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    required => 1,
    does     => 'ImplementorRole',
);

# 使用時
my $obj = Abstraction->new(
    implementor => ConcreteImplementor->new
);

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has 'implementor' => (
    is      => 'ro',
    does    => 'ImplementorRole',
    default => sub { DefaultImplementor->new },
);

# 使用時
my $obj1 = Abstraction->new;  # デフォルトを使用
my $obj2 = Abstraction->new(
    implementor => CustomImplementor->new  # カスタム実装
);

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has 'implementor' => (
    is      => 'ro',
    does    => 'ImplementorRole',
    lazy    => 1,
    builder => '_build_implementor',
);

sub _build_implementor {
    my $self = shift;
    # 環境変数や設定ファイルから実装を選択
    return $ENV{USE_API2} 
        ? DrawingAPI2->new 
        : DrawingAPI1->new;
}

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has 'implementor' => (
    is  => 'ro',
    isa => sub {
        die "Must consume ImplementorRole" 
            unless $_[0]->does('ImplementorRole');
    },
);

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# Implementor Role
package PlatformRenderer;
use Moo::Role;

requires qw(draw_button draw_window);

1;

# ConcreteImplementor for Windows
package Win32Renderer;
use Moo;
with 'PlatformRenderer';

sub draw_button {
    my ($self, $label, $x, $y) = @_;
    print "Win32: Drawing button '$label' at ($x, $y)\n";
}

sub draw_window {
    my ($self, $title, $width, $height) = @_;
    print "Win32: Drawing window '$title' ${width}x${height}\n";
}

1;

# ConcreteImplementor for Linux
package X11Renderer;
use Moo;
with 'PlatformRenderer';

sub draw_button {
    my ($self, $label, $x, $y) = @_;
    print "X11: Drawing button '$label' at ($x, $y)\n";
}

sub draw_window {
    my ($self, $title, $width, $height) = @_;
    print "X11: Drawing window '$title' ${width}x${height}\n";
}

1;

# Abstraction
package Widget;
use Moo;

has 'renderer' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    does     => 'PlatformRenderer',
    required => 1,
);

1;

# RefinedAbstraction
package Button;
use Moo;
extends 'Widget';

has 'label' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);
has 'x'     => (is => 'ro', required => 1);
has 'y'     => (is => 'ro', required => 1);

sub render {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->renderer->draw_button($self->label, $self->x, $self->y);
}

1;

# 使用例
my $win_button = Button->new(
    label    => "OK",
    x        => 100,
    y        => 200,
    renderer => Win32Renderer->new,
);

my $linux_button = Button->new(
    label    => "OK",
    x        => 100,
    y        => 200,
    renderer => X11Renderer->new,
);

$win_button->render;    # Win32: Drawing button 'OK' at (100, 200)
$linux_button->render;  # X11: Drawing button 'OK' at (100, 200)

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# Implementor Role
package Device;
use Moo::Role;

requires qw(turn_on turn_off set_volume);

1;

# ConcreteImplementor
package TV;
use Moo;
with 'Device';

has 'volume' => (is => 'rw', default => 50);

sub turn_on  { print "TV is ON\n" }
sub turn_off { print "TV is OFF\n" }
sub set_volume {
    my ($self, $vol) = @_;
    $self->volume($vol);
    print "TV volume set to " . $self->volume . "\n";
}

1;

package Radio;
use Moo;
with 'Device';

has 'volume' => (is => 'rw', default => 30);

sub turn_on  { print "Radio is ON\n" }
sub turn_off { print "Radio is OFF\n" }
sub set_volume {
    my ($self, $vol) = @_;
    $self->volume($vol);
    print "Radio volume set to " . $self->volume . "\n";
}

1;

# Abstraction
package RemoteControl;
use Moo;

has 'device' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    does     => 'Device',
    required => 1,
);

sub power_on  { shift->device->turn_on }
sub power_off { shift->device->turn_off }

1;

# RefinedAbstraction
package AdvancedRemote;
use Moo;
extends 'RemoteControl';

sub volume_up {
    my $self = shift;
    my $current = $self->device->volume;
    $self->device->set_volume($current + 10);
}

sub volume_down {
    my $self = shift;
    my $current = $self->device->volume;
    $self->device->set_volume($current - 10);
}

1;

# 使用例
my $tv_remote = AdvancedRemote->new(device => TV->new);
$tv_remote->power_on;      # TV is ON
$tv_remote->volume_up;     # TV volume set to 60

my $radio_remote = RemoteControl->new(device => Radio->new);
$radio_remote->power_on;   # Radio is ON

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# Implementor Role
package NotificationSender;
use Moo::Role;

requires 'send';

1;

# ConcreteImplementor
package EmailSender;
use Moo;
with 'NotificationSender';

sub send {
    my ($self, $recipient, $message) = @_;
    print "Email to $recipient: $message\n";
    # 実際はSMTP送信処理
}

1;

package SmsSender;
use Moo;
with 'NotificationSender';

sub send {
    my ($self, $recipient, $message) = @_;
    print "SMS to $recipient: $message\n";
    # 実際はSMS API呼び出し
}

1;

package SlackSender;
use Moo;
with 'NotificationSender';

sub send {
    my ($self, $recipient, $message) = @_;
    print "Slack to $recipient: $message\n";
    # 実際はSlack Webhook
}

1;

# Abstraction
package Notification;
use Moo;

has 'sender' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    does     => 'NotificationSender',
    required => 1,
);

has 'recipient' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);

sub notify {
    my ($self, $message) = @_;
    $self->sender->send($self->recipient, $message);
}

1;

# RefinedAbstraction
package UrgentNotification;
use Moo;
extends 'Notification';

sub notify {
    my ($self, $message) = @_;
    my $urgent_message = "[URGENT] $message";
    $self->sender->send($self->recipient, $urgent_message);
}

1;

# 使用例
my $email_alert = UrgentNotification->new(
    sender    => EmailSender->new,
    recipient => 'admin@example.com',
);
$email_alert->notify("Server is down!");
# Email to admin@example.com: [URGENT] Server is down!

my $sms_alert = UrgentNotification->new(
    sender    => SmsSender->new,
    recipient => '+81-90-1234-5678',
);
$sms_alert->notify("Password reset requested");
# SMS to +81-90-1234-5678: [URGENT] Password reset requested

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# 複数チャンネルへの同時送信
package MultiChannelSender;
use Moo;
with 'NotificationSender';

has 'senders' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    required => 1,
    isa      => sub { die "senders attribute must be an array reference containing NotificationSender objects" unless ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' },
);

sub send {
    my ($self, $recipient, $message) = @_;
    $_->send($recipient, $message) for @{$self->senders};
}

1;

# 使用例
my $multi_alert = UrgentNotification->new(
    sender => MultiChannelSender->new(
        senders => [
            EmailSender->new,
            SmsSender->new,
            SlackSender->new,
        ],
    ),
    recipient => 'admin@example.com',
);
$multi_alert->notify("Critical error!");
# 3つのチャンネルすべてに送信

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# Implementor Role
package DatabaseDriver;
use Moo::Role;

requires qw(connect execute_query close);

1;

# ConcreteImplementor
package MySQLDriver;
use Moo;
with 'DatabaseDriver';

sub connect {
    my $self = shift;
    print "Connecting to MySQL...\n";
    # 実際はDBI->connect('dbi:mysql:...')
}

sub execute_query {
    my ($self, $query) = @_;
    print "MySQL executing: $query\n";
    # 実際はDBIのexecute
}

sub close {
    print "MySQL connection closed\n";
}

1;

package PostgreSQLDriver;
use Moo;
with 'DatabaseDriver';

sub connect {
    my $self = shift;
    print "Connecting to PostgreSQL...\n";
}

sub execute_query {
    my ($self, $query) = @_;
    print "PostgreSQL executing: $query\n";
}

sub close {
    print "PostgreSQL connection closed\n";
}

1;

# Abstraction
package Database;
use Moo;

has 'driver' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    does     => 'DatabaseDriver',
    required => 1,
);

sub BUILD {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->driver->connect;
}

sub query {
    my ($self, $sql) = @_;
    $self->driver->execute_query($sql);
}

sub disconnect {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->driver->close;
}

1;

# RefinedAbstraction
package UserRepository;
use Moo;
extends 'Database';

sub find_user_by_id {
    my ($self, $id) = @_;
    $self->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $id");
}

sub create_user {
    my ($self, $name, $email) = @_;
    $self->query("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('$name', '$email')");
}

1;

# 使用例
my $mysql_repo = UserRepository->new(
    driver => MySQLDriver->new
);
$mysql_repo->find_user_by_id(123);
# Connecting to MySQL...
# MySQL executing: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 123

my $pg_repo = UserRepository->new(
    driver => PostgreSQLDriver->new
);
$pg_repo->create_user('Alice', 'alice@example.com');
# Connecting to PostgreSQL...
# PostgreSQL executing: INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Alice', 'alice@example.com')

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# Implementor: FileLogger, SyslogLogger, CloudLogger
# Abstraction: Logger
# RefinedAbstraction: DebugLogger, ErrorLogger

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# Implementor: LocalStorage, S3Storage, FTPStorage
# Abstraction: FileManager
# RefinedAbstraction: ImageManager, DocumentManager

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# Implementor: StripePayment, PayPalPayment, CreditCardPayment
# Abstraction: PaymentProcessor
# RefinedAbstraction: SubscriptionPayment, OneTimePayment

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# Implementor: RabbitMQAdapter, KafkaAdapter, SQSAdapter
# Abstraction: MessageQueue
# RefinedAbstraction: TaskQueue, EventQueue